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Philosophers Referred to by Ayn Rand

Below is a list of philosophers and theologians referred to by Ayn Rand in her writings or public appearances.

Note: This list is currently incomplete. Also, the list as it currently exists does not attempt to characterize the nature or extent of the references.

Aristotle
Thomas Aquinas
Augustine
Francis Bacon
William Barrett
Jeremy Bentham
George Berkeley
Brand Blanshard
Auguste Comte
Rene Descartes
John Dewey
Ralph Waldo Emerson
B.A.G. Fuller
Etienne Gilson
Friedrich Hayek
Heraclitus
Georg W.F. Hegel
John Hospers
David Hume
William James
Immanuel Kant
Soren Kierkegaard
C.S. Lewis
Herbert Marcuse
Karl Marx
John Stuart Mill
Edward C. Moore
Friedrich Nietzsche
Robert Nozick
Jose Ortega y Gasset
Parmenides
Friedrich Paulsen
Plato
John Herman Randall, Jr.
John Rawls
Jean-Paul Sartre
Henry Sidgwick
Herbert Spencer
Baruch Spinoza
W.T. Stace
Thales

About the Objectivism Reference Center

The philosophy of Ayn Rand, a twentieth-century novelist and philosopher, is known as Objectivism. The Objectivism Reference Center provides resources about Rand, her ideas, her works, and places where those are discussed and debated. Visit the Site Information page for details on site policies. Suggestions for additional materials or additional links are welcomed.

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